一、have sth. done 可表示四种不同的语法意义
(1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。
I had(=got) that door painted last week. 上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。 I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我请人补了牙。
(2)(主语)完成某事(可能参与)。
They are going to have (=got) some threes planted. 他们打算植些树。 We must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday. 我们必须在星期二以前完成此项工作。
(3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。 I had my hat blown off. 我的帽子被(风)吹掉了。 I had my leg broken when I got off the bus. 下车时我的腿子摔断了。
(4) 用于否定句中,表示“不允许….”“不让”。 I won’t have anything said against her. 我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 I won’t have my house turned into a hotel. 我不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。
二、have sb. do表示四种含意
(1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事, 叫/要/让某人做某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。
I had him repair my bike. (=I got him to repair my bike.)我请他修理自行车。 Don’t forget to have him come. 别忘了叫他来。 He wanted a job to do,so I had him paint the kitchen.他想干活,所以我让他粉刷厨房。 What would you have me do? 你要我做什么? I had everybody fill out a form. 我叫所有的人都填了表。
(2)表示主语无意识的行为,这时“have”作“有”解。
These small animals seem glad to have people visit them.
(3)表示主语“经历”某事。
He had his mother die. 他遭丧母。
(4)在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。
I won’t have you say such things about her. 我不允许你说她这样的话。
三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。
(1)在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”,“让某情况发生”之意,含有动作正在进行之意。
He soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起来。 I have a car waiting for me. 我让一部车在等我。
(2)表达预期的目标,常与表示一段时间的状语连用
I'll have you speaking English in six months.我将使你在六个月内会说英语。
will you really have her driving in three days?你真的让她三天后开车吗?
(3)与can't或won't连用,表达不可容忍的情况
We can' t have them forcing their views on everyone else. 我们不能容许他们把自己的观点强加于其他所有的人。
I won't have him sitting down to dinner in his overalls. 我将不让他穿着工作服坐下来吃饭。
(4)表达不愿意引起的后果
Don't shout! You’ll have the neighbours complaining! 别喊,你会招邻居抱怨的!
If you don't put a fence round your garden, you'll have people walking in and stealing your fruit.
如果你不修个栅栏把你花园围起来,有人就会进来偷水果。
(5)表达说话人无法控制的事情
We have salesman calling.每天都有售货员在叫卖。
have sb do sth和have sb doing sth区别为:时间范围不同、强调不同、连用不同。
(1) 时间范围不同 1、have sb do sth:have sb do sth指让某人做某事,表示全过程。 2、have sb doing sth:have sb doing sth指让某人一直做某事,表示正在进行。
(2) 强调不同 1、have sb do sth:have sb do sth强调一次性的动作。 2、have sb doing sth:have sb doing sth强调动作的持续性、连续性或者动作的反复性。 (3) 连用不同 1、have sb do sth:have sb do sth不能与状语连用。 2、have sb doing sth:have sb doing sth常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
have+宾语+现在分词的用法 (1) 表示使(让)某人或某物一直不停地做某事 (2) 表示客观上有某情况在进行或持续 (3) 表示使(让)某人开始做起某事来 (4) 表示将要发生的事 (5) 表示说服或命令某人做某事 (6) 表示经过一段时间达到的效果 (7) 表示容忍或允许某人做某事,主要用于否定式,常与 won’t, can’t 连用 (8) 表示遭遇令have的主语不愉快的事
四、have sth. to do表示“有某事要完成”,其中不定式作定语,且其有主动与被动二种形式需要区别使用。
(1)如果不定式的动作由主语来完成需其用主动形式。
I have some letters to write. 我有几封信要写。 He have a large family to support. 他有一大家人要养活。
(2)如果不定式的动作不是由主语来完成需用其被动形式。
“Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked. 佣人问道:“你今天有没有衣服要(我)洗?”
强化训练 1. Will you really have her______in three hours? A. drive B. to drive C. driving D. having driven 2. The children were surprised when the teacher had them______their books unexpectedly. A. closed B. to close C. closing D. close 3. The boss ordered his employees to have the whole room______at once to welcome the new general manager. A. cleaning up B .to clean up C .cleaned up D. clean up 4. A computer does only what thinking people have it________ (do). 5. Who did you have________ (paint) the wall yesterday? 6. I won't have him________me (cheat). 7. The villagers are going to have a new bridge ________ (build) over the river. 8. Who had the candle________ (burn) throughout the whole night? 9. What have they________ (do) to stop the pollution from the chemical works? 10. The boss often has them________ (work) for 14 hours a day. 11. I’ll have someone________ (repair) the car for you. 12. Don’t forget to have Michael ________(come) to our party. 13. Don’t have the baby _______(cry). 14. Don’t have the dog much_______(bark). 15. You’d better have your car _______(run)slowly. 16. The patient is going to have his temperature_______(take). 参考答案 1-3 ADC 4. do 5. painted 6. cheat 7. built 8. burned 9. done 10. work 11. repair 12. come 13. crying 14. barking 15. running 16. taken
|